![]() The 2 main types of glaucoma are open-angle and angle-closure. Frequently, there is peripheral vision Vision Ophthalmic Exam loss that eventually leads to loss of central vision Vision Ophthalmic Exam. The consequences of the increased pressure may be manifested in a variety of symptoms, depending upon type and severity, such as excavation of the optic disk, hardness of the eyeball, corneal anesthesia, reduced visual acuity, seeing of colored halos around lights, disturbed dark adaptation, visual field defects, and headaches. Glaucoma is often, but not always, caused by increased intraocular pressure Increased intraocular pressure An ocular disease, occurring in many forms, having as its primary characteristics an unstable or a sustained increase in the intraocular pressure which the eye cannot withstand without damage to its structure or impairment of its function. The acute form of glaucoma is a medical emergency. It is formed by the meeting of all the retinal ganglion cell axons as they enter the optic nerve. Cellular Adaptation seen as optic disc Optic disc The portion of the optic nerve seen in the fundus with the ophthalmoscope. The 12 Cranial Nerves: Overview and Functions atrophy Atrophy Decrease in the size of a cell, tissue, organ, or multiple organs, associated with a variety of pathological conditions such as abnormal cellular changes, ischemia, malnutrition, or hormonal changes. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the central nervous system. ![]() The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei other targets include the superior colliculi and the suprachiasmatic nuclei. The nerve carries the axons of the retinal ganglion cells which sort at the optic chiasm and continue via the optic tracts to the brain. Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy Neuropathy Leprosy characterized by typical visual field Visual Field The Visual Pathway and Related Disorders defects and optic nerve Optic nerve The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the retina to the brain. ![]()
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